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| {{merge|Schwa|discuss=Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Linguistics#We probably have too many vowel articles|date=August 2019}}
| | #REDIRECT [[Wikipedia:Close-mid central rounded vowel]] |
| {{Short description|vowel sound}}
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| {{distinguish|text=[[Greek alphabet|Greek letter]] [[theta]] (θ), used in the IPA consonant sound, the [[voiceless dental fricative]]}}
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| {{Infobox IPA
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| |ipa symbol=ɵ
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| |ipa number=323
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| |ipa symbol2=ö
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| |decimal=629
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| |x-sampa=8
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| |kirshenbaum=@.
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| |imagefile=Close-mid central rounded vowel (vector).svg
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| |imagesize=150px
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| |braille=356
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| |braille2=o
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| }}
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| {{IPA vowels|class=floatright}}
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| The '''close-mid central rounded vowel''', or '''high-mid central rounded vowel''',<ref>{{Vowel terminology}}</ref> is a type of [[vowel]] sound. The symbol in the [[International Phonetic Alphabet]] that represents this sound is {{angbr IPA|ɵ}}, a lowercase [[Ɵ|barred letter o]].
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| The character ɵ has been used in several Latin-derived alphabets such as the one for [[Yañalif]], but in that language it denotes a different sound than it does in the IPA. The character is homographic with [[Cyrillic script|Cyrillic]] [[Oe (Cyrillic)|Ө]]. The [[Unicode]] code point is {{unichar|019F|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH MIDDLE TILDE|html=}}.
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| This vowel occurs in [[Cantonese language|Cantonese]], [[Dutch language|Dutch]], [[French language|French]], [[Russian language|Russian]] and [[Swedish language|Swedish]] as well as in a number of English dialects as a realization of {{IPA|/ʊ/}} (as in ''f'''oo'''t''), {{IPA|/ɜː/}} (as in ''n'''ur'''se'') or {{IPA|/oʊ/}} (as in ''g'''oa'''t'').
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| This sound rarely contrasts with the [[near-close front rounded vowel]]. For this reason, it may be sometimes transcribed with the symbol {{angbr IPA|ʏ}}.
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| == Close-mid central protruded vowel ==
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| The '''close-mid central protruded vowel''' is typically transcribed in IPA simply as {{angbr IPA|ɵ}}, and that is the convention used in this article. As there is no dedicated [[IPA diacritic|diacritic]] for protrusion in the IPA, symbol for the close central rounded vowel with an old diacritic for labialization, {{angbr IPA| ̫}}, can be used as an ''ad hoc'' symbol {{angbr IPA|ɵ̫}} for the close central protruded vowel. Another possible transcription is {{angbr IPA|ɵʷ}} or {{angbr IPA|ɘʷ}} (a close central vowel modified by endolabialization), but this could be misread as a diphthong.
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| === Features ===
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| {{close-mid vowel}}
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| {{central vowel}}
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| {{protruded vowel}}
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| === Occurrence ===
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| Because central rounded vowels are assumed to have protrusion, and few descriptions cover the distinction, some of the following may actually have compression.
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| {| class="wikitable" style="clear: both;"
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| ! colspan="2" | Language !! Word !! [[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]] !! Meaning !! Notes
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| |-
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| | [[Asturian language|Asturian]]
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| | Some {{ill|Western Asturian|lt=Western dialects|es|3=Asturiano occidental}}<ref>{{Cite journal|last=García|first=Fernando Álvarez-Balbuena|date=2015-09-01|title=Na frontera del asturllionés y el gallegoportugués: descripción y exame horiométricu de la fala de Fernidiellu (Forniella, Llión). Parte primera: fonética|url=https://www.unioviedo.es/reunido/index.php/RFA/article/view/10904|journal=Revista de Filoloxía Asturiana|volume=14|issue=14|issn=2341-1147}}</ref>
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| | {{lang|as|fu'''ö'''ra}}
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| | {{IPA|[ˈfwɵɾɐ]}}
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| | 'outside'
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| | Realization of {{angbr|o}} in the diphthong {{angbr|uo}}. May also be realized as {{IPAblink|ø}} or {{IPAblink|œ}}.
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| |-
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| | [[Azerbaijani language|Azerbaijani]] || [[South Azerbaijani language|Tabriz]]{{sfnp|Mokari|Werner|2016}} || {{lang|az|[[Azerbaijani alphabet|g'''ö'''z]]}} {{lang|azb|گؤز}} || {{IPA|[dʒɵz]}} || 'eye' || Typically transcribed as {{IPA|/œ/}}.
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| |-
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| | [[Chinese language|Chinese]] || [[Cantonese]] || {{lang|yue-Hani|[[Chinese characters|出]]}}/{{lang|yue-Latn|[[Jyutping|c'''eo'''t7]]}} || {{IPA|[tsʰɵt˥]}} || 'to go out' || See [[Cantonese phonology]]
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| |-
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| | [[Dutch language|Dutch]] || Standard{{sfnp|van Heuven|Genet|2002}}{{sfnp|Verhoeven|2005|p=245}} || {{lang|nl|[[Dutch orthography|h'''u'''t]]}} || {{IPA|[ɦɵt]}} || 'hut' || See [[Dutch phonology]]
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| |-
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| | rowspan="5" | [[English language|English]] || [[Cardiff English|Cardiff]]<ref>{{Harvcoltxt|Collins|Mees|1990|pp=92–93}}</ref> || rowspan="3" | ''[[English orthography|f'''oo'''t]]'' || rowspan="2" | {{IPA|[fɵt]}} || rowspan="3" | 'foot' || More often unrounded {{IPAblink|ɘ}};<ref>{{Harvcoltxt|Collins|Mees|1990|p=92}}</ref> corresponds to {{IPAblink|ʊ}} in other dialects. See [[English phonology]]
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| | General [[South African English|South African]]{{sfnp|Lass|2002|pp=115-116}} || Younger, especially female speakers.{{sfnp|Lass|2002|pp=115-116}} Other speakers have a less front vowel {{IPAblink|ʊ}}. May be transcribed in IPA with {{angbr IPA|ʊ̟}} or {{angbr IPA|ʉ̞}}. See [[South African English phonology]]
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| | [[Received Pronunciation]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bl.uk/learning/langlit/sounds/case-studies/received-pronunciation/vowel-sounds-rp/ |title=Received Pronunciation Phonology |publisher=The British Library}}</ref> || {{IPA|[fɵʔt]}} || Younger speakers. Others pronounce {{IPA|[ʊ]}}. See [[English phonology]]
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| | [[Kingston upon Hull|Hull]]{{sfnp|Williams|Kerswill|1999|pp=143 and 146}} || ''g'''oa'''t'' || {{IPA|[ɡɵːt]}} || 'goat' || Corresponds to {{IPA|/oʊ/}} in other dialects.
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| | [[New Zealand English|New Zealand]]{{sfnp|Bauer|Warren|Bardsley|Kennedy|2007|pp=98–99}} || ''b'''ir'''d'' || {{IPA|[bɵːd]}} || 'bird' || Corresponds to {{IPA|/ɝ/}} in other dialects. See [[New Zealand English phonology]]
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| | colspan="2" | [[French language|French]]<ref>{{cite web|title=english speech services {{!}} Le FOOT vowel|url=http://englishspeechservices.com/blog/le-foot-vowel/|accessdate=20 October 2018}}</ref> || {{lang|fr|[[French orthography|j'''e''']]}} || {{IPA|[ʒɵ]}} || 'I' || May be transcribed in IPA with {{angbr IPA|ə}} or {{angbr IPA|ɵ}}. Also described as mid {{IPAblink|ɵ̞}}.{{sfnp|Fougeron|Smith|1993|p=73}}{{sfnp|Lodge|2009|p=84}} May be more front for a number of speakers. See [[French phonology]]
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| | rowspan="2" | [[German language|German]] || [[Swabian dialect|Swabian]]{{sfnp|Khan|Weise|2013|p=237}} || {{lang|de|[[German orthography|w'''i'''rd]]}} || {{IPA|[ʋɵʕ̞d̥]}} || 'becomes' || Allophone of {{IPA|/i/}} before {{IPA|/ʁ/}}.{{sfnp|Khan|Weise|2013|p=237}}
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| | [[Upper Saxon German|Upper Saxon]]{{sfnp|Khan|Weise|2013|p=236}} || {{lang|de|[[German orthography|W'''u'''nder]]}} || {{IPA|[ˈv̞ɵn(d̥)oˤ]}} || 'wonder' || The example word is from the [[Chemnitz dialect]].
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| | colspan="2" | [[Hiw language|Hiw]]{{sfnp|François|2013|p=207}} || {{lang|hiw|y'''ö'''yk'''ö'''n̄}} || {{IPA|[jɵjkɵŋ]}} || 'forget' ||
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| | [[Irish language|Irish]] || [[Munster Irish|Munster]]{{sfnp|Ó Sé|2000}} || [[Irish orthography|''dún'''adh''''']] || {{IPA|[ˈd̪ˠuːn̪ˠө]}} || 'closing' || Allophone of {{IPA|/ə/}} adjacent to broad consonants, when the vowel in the preceding syllable is either {{IPA|/uː/}} or {{IPA|/ʊ/}}.{{sfnp|Ó Sé|2000}} See [[Irish phonology]]
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| | rowspan="2" | [[Limburgish language|Limburgish]] || Most dialects{{sfnp|Verhoeven|2007|p=221}}{{sfnp|Gussenhoven|Aarts|1999|p=159}}{{sfnp|Heijmans|Gussenhoven|1998|p=110}} || {{lang|li|bl'''u'''ts}} || {{IPA|[blɵts]}} || 'bump' || Typically transcribed in IPA with {{angbr IPA|ʏ}}. The example word is from the [[Weert dialect]].{{sfnp|Verhoeven|2007|p=221}}{{sfnp|Gussenhoven|Aarts|1999|p=159}}{{sfnp|Heijmans|Gussenhoven|1998|p=110}}
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| | [[Maastrichtian dialect|Maastrichtian]]{{sfnp|Gussenhoven|Aarts|1999|p=159}} || {{lang|li|b'''eu'''k}} || {{IPA|[bɵːk]}} || 'books' || Sometimes realized as a narrow diphthong {{IPA|[ɵʉ̞]}};{{sfnp|Gussenhoven|Aarts|1999|p=159}} typically transcribed in IPA with {{angbr IPA|øː}}. Front {{IPAblink|øː}} in other dialects.{{sfnp|Verhoeven|2007|p=221}}{{sfnp|Peters|2006|p=119}}
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| | colspan="2" | [[Mongolian language|Mongolian]]{{sfnp|Iivonen|Harnud|2005|pp=62, 66–67}} || {{lang|mn-Cyrl|[[Cyrillic script|'''ө'''г'''ө'''х]]}} || {{IPA|[ɵɡɵx]}} || 'to give' ||
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| | [[Norwegian language|Norwegian]] || [[Urban East Norwegian|Urban East]]{{sfnp|Kristoffersen|2000|pp=16–17, 33–35, 37, 343}} || {{lang|no|[[Norwegian alphabet|s'''ø'''t]]}} || {{IPA|[sɵːt]}} || 'sweet' || Also described as front {{IPAblink|ø̫ː}};{{sfnp|Vanvik|1979|pp=13, 20}} typically transcribed in IPA with {{angbr IPA|øː}}. See [[Norwegian phonology]]
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| | [[Ripuarian language|Ripuarian]] || [[Kerkrade dialect]]<ref>{{Harvcoltxt|Stichting Kirchröadsjer Dieksiejoneer|1997|p=16}}. The source describes this vowel as the same as the short ''u'' in Standard Dutch ''lucht'', which is close-mid central {{IPA|[ɵ]}} ({{Harvcoltxt|van Heuven|Genet|2002}}).</ref> || ''sj'''u'''ts'' || {{IPA|[ʃɵts]}} || 'marksman' ||
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| | colspan="2" | [[Russian language|Russian]]{{sfnp|Jones|Ward|1969|pp=62–63}} || {{lang|ru|[[Russian orthography|т'''ё'''тя]]}} || {{Audio-IPA|Ru-тётя.ogg|[ˈtʲɵtʲə]|help=no}} || 'aunt' || Allophone of {{IPA|/o/}} following a [[Palatalization (phonetics)|palatalized]] consonant. See [[Russian phonology]]
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| | colspan="2" | [[Tajik language|Tajik]]{{sfnp|Ido|2014|pp=91–92}} || {{lang|tg-Cyrl|[[Cyrillic script|к'''ӯ'''ҳ]]}} || {{IPA|[kʰɵːh]}} || 'mountain' || Merges with {{IPA|/u/}} in central and southern dialects.
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| | colspan="2" | [[Toda language|Toda]] || {{lang|tcx|[[Devanagari alphabet|?]]}} || {{IPA|[pɵːr̘]}} || 'name' ||
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| | colspan="2" | [[Uzbek language|Uzbek]] || {{lang|uz|[[Uzbek alphabet|koʻz]]}} || {{IPA|[kɵz]}} || 'eye' ||
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| | rowspan="2" | [[West Frisian language|West Frisian]] || Standard{{sfnp|Sipma|1913|pp=6, 8, 10}}{{sfnp|Tiersma|1999|p=11}} || {{lang|fy|p'''u'''t}} || {{IPA|[pɵt]}} || 'well' || Typically transcribed in IPA with {{angbr IPA|ø}}. See [[West Frisian phonology]]
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| | Southwestern dialects<ref name="hh">{{Harvcoltxt|Hoekstra|2003|p=202}}, citing {{Harvcoltxt|Hof|1933|p=14}}</ref> || {{lang|fy|f'''uo'''tten}} || {{IPA|[ˈfɵtn̩]}} || 'feet' || Corresponds to {{IPA|[wo]}} in other dialects.<ref name="hh"/> See [[West Frisian phonology]]
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| | rowspan="2" | [[Xumi language|Xumi]] || Lower{{sfnp|Chirkova|Chen|2013|pp=369–370}} || colspan="2" align="center" | {{IPA|[<sup>RP</sup>ʎ̟ɐtsɵ]}}{{what|date=January 2019}} || 'to filter tea' || Typically transcribed in IPA with {{angbr IPA|ʉ}}.{{sfnp|Chirkova|Chen|2013|pp=369–370}}
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| | Upper{{sfnp|Chirkova|Chen|Kocjančič Antolík|2013|p=389}} || colspan="2" align="center" | {{IPA|[Htɵ]}} || 'way to do things' || Allophone of {{IPA|/o/}} after alveolar consonants; may be realized as {{IPAblink|o}} or {{IPAblink|ɤ}} instead.{{sfnp|Chirkova|Chen|Kocjančič Antolík|2013|p=389}}
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| |}
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| == Close-mid central compressed vowel ==
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| {{Infobox IPA
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| |above=Close-mid central compressed vowel
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| |ipa symbol=ø̈
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| |ipa symbol2=ɘ͡β̞
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| |ipa symbol3=ɘᵝ
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| |showbelow=no
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| }}
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| As there is no official diacritic for compression in the IPA, the centering diacritic is used with the front rounded vowel {{IPA|[ø]}}, which is normally compressed. Other possible transcriptions are {{angbr IPA|ɘ͡β̞}} (simultaneous {{IPA|[ɘ]}} and labial compression) and {{angbr IPA|ɘᵝ}} ({{IPA|[ɘ]}} modified with labial compression).
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| === Features ===
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| {{close-mid vowel}}
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| {{central vowel}}
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| {{compressed vowel}}
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| === Occurrence ===
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| {| class="wikitable"
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| ! colspan="2" | Language !! Word !! [[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]] !! Meaning !! Notes
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| |-
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| | [[Swedish language|Swedish]] || Central Standard{{sfnp|Andersson|2002|p=272}} || {{lang|se|[[Swedish alphabet|f'''u'''ll]]}} || {{IPA|[fø̈lː]}} || 'full' || More often described as mid {{IPAblink|ɵ̞|ɵ̞ᵝ}}.{{sfnp|Engstrand|1999|p=140}}{{sfnp|Rosenqvist|2007|p=9}} See [[Swedish phonology]]
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| |}
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| == See also ==
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| * [[Index of phonetics articles]]
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| == Notes ==
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| {{reflist|30em}}
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| == References ==
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| }}
| |
| {{refend}}
| |
| | |
| ==External links==
| |
| * {{phoible|ɵ}}
| |
| | |
| {{IPA navigation}}
| |
| | |
| {{DEFAULTSORT:Close-Mid Central Rounded Vowel}}
| |
| [[Category:Close-mid vowels]]
| |
| [[Category:Central vowels]]
| |
| [[Category:Rounded vowels]]
| |