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| {{merge|Schwa|discuss=Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Linguistics#We probably have too many vowel articles|date=August 2019}}
| | #REDIRECT [[Wikipedia:Close-mid central unrounded vowel]] |
| {{Short description|vowel sound in some languages}}
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| {{Infobox IPA
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| |ipa symbol=ɘ
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| |ipa symbol2=ë
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| |ipa symbol3=ɤ̈
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| |ipa symbol4=ə̝
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| |ipa number=397
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| |decimal=600
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| |x-sampa=@\
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| |kirshenbaum=@<umd>
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| |imagefile=Close-mid central unrounded vowel (vector).svg
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| |imagesize=150px
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| |braille=256
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| |braille2=e
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| }}
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| {{IPA vowels|class=floatright}}
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| The '''close-mid central unrounded vowel''', or '''high-mid central unrounded vowel''',<ref>{{Vowel terminology}}</ref> is a type of [[vowel]] sound, used in some spoken [[language]]s. The symbol in the [[International Phonetic Alphabet]] that represents this sound is {{angbr IPA|ɘ}}. This is a mirrored letter e, and should not be confused with the [[schwa]] {{angbr IPA|[[ə]]}}, which is a turned e. It was added to the IPA in 1993; before that, this vowel was transcribed {{angbr IPA|ë}} (Latin small letter e with umlaut, not Cyrillic small letter yo). Certain older sources<ref>For example {{Harvcoltxt|Collins|Mees|1990}}.</ref> transcribe this vowel {{angbr IPA|ɤ̈}}.
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| The {{angbr IPA|ɘ}} letter may be used with a [[lowered (phonetics)|lowering diacritic]] {{angbr IPA|ɘ̞}}, to denote the [[mid central unrounded vowel]].
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| Conversely, {{angbr IPA|ə}}, the symbol for the mid central vowel may be used with a raising diacritic {{angbr IPA|ə̝}} to denote the close-mid central unrounded vowel, although that is more accurately written with an additional unrounding diacritic {{angbr IPA|ə̝͑}} to explicitly denote the lack of rounding (the canonical value of IPA {{angbr IPA|ə}} is undefined for rounding).
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| To type this symbol on [[Windows (Operating System)|Windows]], press and hold the ALT key while typing "600" using the number pad keys.
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| == Features ==
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| {{close-mid vowel}}
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| {{central vowel}}
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| {{unrounded vowel}}
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| == Occurrence ==
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| {| class="wikitable" style="clear: both;"
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| ! colspan=2 | Language !! Word !! [[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]] !! Meaning !! Notes
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| |-
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| | [[Azerbaijani language|Azerbaijani]] || [[South Azerbaijani language|Tabriz]]{{sfnp|Mokari|Werner|2016}} || {{lang|az|[[Azerbaijani alphabet|q'''ı'''z]]}} {{lang|azb|قیز}} || {{IPA|[ɡɘz]}} || 'girl' || Typically transcribed in IPA with {{angbr IPA|ɯ}}.
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| |-
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| | colspan=2 | [[Cotabato Manobo language|Cotabato Manobo]]<ref>{{Harvcoltxt|Kerr|1988|p=110}}</ref> || {{example needed|date=March 2017}} || || || May be transcribed in IPA with {{angbr IPA|ə}}.
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| |-
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| | [[Dinka language|Dinka]] || Luanyjang<ref name="dinka">{{Harvcoltxt|Remijsen|Manyang|2009|pp=117, 119}}</ref> || ''ŋ'''e'''ŋ'' || {{IPA|[ŋɘ́ŋ]}} || 'jawbone' || Short allophone of {{IPA|/e/}}.<ref name="dinka"/>
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| |-
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| | rowspan=5| [[English language|English]] || [[Australian English|Australian]]<ref>{{Harvcoltxt|Cox|2006|p=?}}</ref><ref>{{Harvcoltxt|Durie|Hajek|1994|p=?}}</ref> || rowspan=2| ''[[English orthography|b'''ir'''d]]'' || {{IPA|[bɘːd]}} || rowspan=2| 'bird' || Typically transcribed in IPA with {{angbr IPA|ɜː}}. See [[Australian English phonology]]
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| |-
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| | Southern Michigan<ref>{{Harvcoltxt|Hillenbrand|2003|p=122}}</ref> || {{IPA|[bɚ̝ːd]}} || Rhotacized; typically transcribed in IPA with {{angbr IPA|ɚ}}.
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| | [[Cardiff English|Cardiff]]<ref>{{Harvcoltxt|Collins|Mees|1990|p=93}}</ref> || ''[[English orthography|f'''oo'''t]]'' || {{IPA|[fɘt]}} || 'foot' || Less often rounded {{IPAblink|ɵ}};<ref>{{Harvcoltxt|Collins|Mees|1990|p=92}}</ref> corresponds to {{IPAblink|ʊ}} in other dialects. See [[English phonology]]
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| | [[New Zealand English|New Zealand]]<ref>{{Harvcoltxt|Bauer|Warren|Bardsley|Kennedy|2007}}</ref> || ''[[English orthography|b'''i'''t]]'' || {{IPA|[bɘt]}} || 'bit' || Merger of {{IPA|/ə/}} and {{IPA|/ɪ/}} found in other dialects. See [[New Zealand English phonology]]
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| | [[Southern American English|Southern American]]<ref name="sae">{{Harvcoltxt|Roca|Johnson|1999|p=186}}</ref> || ''[[English orthography|n'''u'''t]]'' || {{IPA|[nɘt]}} || 'nut' || Some dialects.<ref name="sae"/> Corresponds to {{IPA|/ʌ/}} in other dialects. See [[English phonology]]
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| | colspan="2" | [[Estonian language|Estonian]]{{sfnp|Asu|Teras|2009|pp=368–369}} || {{lang|et|[[Estonian alphabet|k'''õ'''rv]]}} || {{IPA|[kɘrv]}} || 'ear' || Typically transcribed in IPA with {{angbr IPA|ɤ}}; can be close-mid back {{IPAblink|ɤ}} or close back {{IPAblink|ɯ}} instead, depending on the speaker.{{sfnp|Asu|Teras|2009|pp=368–369}} See [[Estonian phonology]]
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| | [[Irish language|Irish]] || [[Munster Irish|Munster]]<ref name="muir">{{Harvcoltxt|Ó Sé|2000}}</ref> || [[Irish orthography|''sáil'''e''''']] || {{IPA|[ˈsˠɰaːlʲə̝]}} || 'salt water' || Usually transcribed in IPA with {{IPA|[ɪ̽]}}. It is an allophone of {{IPA|/ə/}} next to non-[[Palatal consonant|palatal]] slender consonants.<ref name="muir"/> See [[Irish phonology]]
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| |-
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| | colspan="2" | [[Jebero language|Jebero]]<ref>{{Harvcoltxt|Valenzuela|Gussenhoven|2013|p=101}}</ref> || colspan="2" align="center" | {{IPA|[ˈiʃɘk]}} || 'bat' ||
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| | colspan="2" | [[Kaingang language|Kaingang]]<ref>{{Harvcoltxt|Jolkesky|2009|pp=676–677 and 682}}</ref> || colspan=2 align=center | {{IPA|[ˈᵐbɘ]}} || 'tail' || Varies between central {{IPA|[ɘ]}} and back {{IPAblink|ɤ}}.<ref>{{Harvcoltxt|Jolkesky|2009|pp=676 and 682}}</ref>
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| |-
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| | colspan="2" | [[Kalagan language|Kalagan Kaagan]]<ref name="wendel">{{Harvcoltxt|Wendel|Wendel|1978|p=198}}</ref> || colspan="2" align="center" | {{IPA|[miˈwə̝ːʔ]}} || 'lost' || Allophone of {{IPA|/ɨ/}} in word-final stressed syllables before {{IPA|/ʔ/}}; can be transcribed in IPA with {{angbr IPA|ə}}.<ref name="wendel"/>
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| | colspan="2" | [[Kensiu language|Kensiu]]<ref name="bis230">{{Harvcoltxt|Bishop|1996|p=230}}</ref> || colspan="2" align="center" | {{IPA|[ɟɚ̝h]}} || 'to trim' || Rhotacized; may be transcribed in IPA with {{angbr IPA|ɚ}}.<ref name="bis230"/>
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| | colspan="2" | [[Kera language|Kera]]<ref name="pear251">{{Harvcoltxt|Pearce|2011|p=251}}</ref> || colspan="2" align="center" | {{IPA|[t͡ʃə̝̄wā̠a̠]}} || 'fire' || Allophone of {{IPA|/a/}}; typically transcribed in IPA with {{angbr IPA|ə}}.<ref name="pear251"/>
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| | colspan="2" | [[Korean language|Korean]]<ref>{{Harvcoltxt|Lee|1999|p=121}}</ref> || {{lang|ko|[[Hangul|'''어'''른]]}} || {{IPA|[ə̝ːɾɯ̽n]}} || 'senior' || May be transcribed in IPA with {{angbr IPA|əː}}. See [[Korean phonology]]
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| | colspan="2" | [[Lizu language|Lizu]]<ref name="chir">{{Harvcoltxt|Chirkova|Chen|2013a|p=79}}</ref> || colspan="2" align="center" | {{IPA|[<sup>F</sup>kə̝]}}{{what|date=January 2019}} || 'eagle' || Allophone of {{IPA|/ə/}} after velar stops.<ref name="chir"/>
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| | colspan="2" | [[Mapuche language|Mapudungun]]<ref>{{Harvcoltxt|Sadowsky|Painequeo|Salamanca|Avelino|2013|p=92}}</ref> || {{lang|arn|[[Mapudungun alphabet|el'''ü'''n]]}} || {{IPA|[ë̝ˈlɘn]}} || 'to leave (something)' ||
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| | colspan="2" | [[Mongolian language|Mongolian]]<ref>{{Harvcoltxt|Iivonen|Harnud|2005|pp=62, 66–67}}</ref> || {{lang|mn-Cyrl|[[Cyrillic script|үс'''э'''р]]}} || {{IPA|[usɘɾɘ̆]}} || 'jump' ||
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| | colspan="2" | [[Mono language (Congo)|Mono]]<ref name="olson235">{{Harvcoltxt|Olson|2004|p=235}}</ref> || {{lang|mnh|d'''œ'''}} || {{IPA|[də̝]}} || 'be (equative)' || May be transcribed in IPA with {{angbr IPA|ə}}.<ref name="olson235"/>
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| | colspan="2" | [[Polish language|Polish]]<ref name="jassem">{{Harvcoltxt|Jassem|2003|p=105}} The source transcribes this sound with the symbol {{angbr IPA|ɨ}} but one can see from the vowel chart at pag. 105 that the Polish sound is closer to {{IPA|[ɘ]}} than to {{IPAblink|ɨ}}.</ref> || {{lang|pl|[[Polish orthography|m'''y'''sz]]}} || {{Audio-IPA|Pl-mysz.ogg|[mɘ̟ʂ]}} || 'mouse' || Somewhat fronted;<ref name="jassem"/> typically transcribed in IPA with {{angbr IPA|ɨ}}. See [[Polish phonology]]
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| | [[Romanian language|Romanian]]|| Moldavian dialects{{sfnp|Pop|1938|p=29}} || {{lang|ro|[[Romanian alphabet|cas'''ă''']]}} || {{IPA|[ˈkäsɘ]}} || 'house' || Corresponds to {{IPAblink|ə}} in standard Romanian. See [[Romanian phonology]]
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| | colspan=2| [[Shiwiar language|Shiwiar]]<ref>{{Harvcoltxt|Fast Mowitz|1975|p=2}}</ref> || {{example needed|date=July 2015}} || || ||
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| |-
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| | colspan=2| [[Temne language|Temne]]<ref name="katuc">{{Harvcoltxt|Kanu|Tucker|2010|p=249}}</ref> || {{lang|tem|p'''ə'''r}} || {{IPA|[pə̝́r]}} || 'incite' || Typically transcribed in IPA with {{angbr IPA|ə}}.<ref name="katuc"/>
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| | colspan=2| [[Vietnamese language|Vietnamese]]<ref>{{Harvcoltxt|Hoang|1965|p=24}}</ref> || {{lang|vi|[[Vietnamese alphabet|v'''ợ''']]}} || {{IPA|[vɘ˨˩ˀ]}} || 'wife' || Typically transcribed in IPA with {{angbr IPA|ɤ}}. See [[Vietnamese phonology]]
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| | [[Xumi language|Xumi]] || Upper<ref name="chir1">{{Harvcoltxt|Chirkova|Chen|Kocjančič Antolík|2013|p=389}}</ref> || colspan=2 align=center | {{IPA|[LPmɘ̃dɐ]}} || 'upstairs' || Nasalized; occurs only in this word.<ref name="chir1"/> It is realized as mid {{IPAblink|ə|ə̃}} in Lower Xumi.<ref>{{Harvcoltxt|Chirkova|Chen|2013b|p=370}}</ref>
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| |-
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| | [[Zapotec languages|Zapotec]] || [[Tilquiapan Zapotec|Tilquiapan]]<ref name="merrill">{{Harvcoltxt|Merrill|2008|pp=109–110}}</ref> || {{lang|zts|n'''e'''}} || {{IPA|[nɘ]}} || 'and' || Most common realization of {{IPA|/e/}}.<ref name="merrill"/>
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| |}
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| ==Notes==
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| {{reflist|30em}}
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| {{refend}}
| |
| | |
| ==External links==
| |
| * {{phoible|ɘ}}
| |
| | |
| {{IPA navigation}}
| |
| | |
| [[Category:Close-mid vowels]]
| |
| [[Category:Central vowels]]
| |
| [[Category:Unrounded vowels]]
| |