Orharan (Pacifica)
This Article is very WIP
Federal Republic of Orharan Orharan | |
|---|---|
 Flag
 Coat of arms
| |
Motto: Saleh ve Adolt Peace and Justice | |
 Location of Orharan | |
| Capital | Orhar |
| Official languages | Orharanian, Austral |
| Demonym(s) | Orharanian |
| Government | Parliamentary Republic |
• Prime Minister | Salma Iqabal |
• President | Javad Farzin |
| Legislature | National Parliament, Federal Council |
| Area | |
• Total | 97.993 km2 (37.835 sq mi) |
| Population | |
• 2024 census | 38.946.735 |
• Density | 397/km2 (1,028.2/sq mi) |
| GDP (PPP) | estimate |
• Total | 1,608 trillion |
• Per capita | 41.298 |
| GDP (nominal) | estimate |
• Total | 1,502 trillion |
• Per capita | 38.575 |
| Gini (2024) |  26.8low |
| HDI (2023) |  0.843very high |
| Currency | Orh (Orh) |
| Time zone | GCT +3 |
| Date format | (dd/mm/yyyy) CE |
| Driving side | right |
| Internet TLD | .oh |
Orharan, or by its official name The Federal Republic of Orharan is an independent country located in the north of the continent of Bareland, bordering the Mediterranean Sea to it's north-west, The Republic of Ubesii to it's north as well as the Naatalian Mountains to its east.
The countries climate is mostly hot, with deserts covering most of the nation, whilst the nations three main rivers offer a rather lush enviroment, suitable for agriculture, which is the main reason why most of the nations populace is located nearby those rivers. The vast deserts are mostly empty with only few nomad groups wandering through them.
The Nation, housing 38.946.735 people, spans in itself 97.993 km2 and is split into multiple states, with the largest, both population and area wise, being the coastal state of Orhar, with its state-capital being the countries capital of Orhar itself. Thus giving the Nation its Name of a Federal Republic.
The Federal Republic of Orharan is a Parliamentary Republic with the current prime minister Salma Iqabal being the Head of Government. Whilst the prime minister is the Head of the Government, the President is the Head of State. Next to the National Parliament the nation also has a Federal Council, consisting out of the states governments and representing their interests in the legislative system.
History
Pre-Historic Sites
Paleolithic (Pre-9850 BCE)
Very little is known about paleolithic humans in modern day Orharan as there haven't been many sites found and excavated. To this day there have been multiple sites located with a handful of stones knapped into knifes. However it is known that there was human activity in the Naatalian Mountain Range as early as 12.000 BCE, as cave paintings found at the Fatur-Site suggested. As most human bone fragments, from the paleolithic, were found closer to the coastline the current working theory is that the first humanoid species moved to modern day orharan from coastal line and apparently slowly moved into the nation habitating the entire area from the coast to the mountains.
Mesolithic (9850-6000 BCE)
The mesolithic humans within modern day Orharan were mostly nomadic, following the animals they hunted. The first actual stone tools, which were usually made out of sandstone, were crafted and are dated to 9.750 BCE. Most common tools were kinves and axes that were created by using knapped stone fragments. Next to those tools the first occurances of stone-tipped spears and arrows can be dated to this era. During this time there were probably no to very few actual settlements founded, as none dating that far back have ever been found on orharanian soil.
By analizing the knapped stones that were used and recreating their methods multiple common techniques have been identified thus creating multiple cultures within the the mesolithic era.
Near the coastal areas of Orharan there are multiple burial sites that have contained one specific kind of axe as offerings. Those axes, unlike all the other axes found in Orharan and dated to this time period, are using stones knapped in a way that made them two-edged. The so called Carvingaxe-Culture probably developed around 9.600 BCE and ended around 7.260 BCE. It is called this name as one site of the axes were not knapped into a normal edge that has the sole purpose of cutting but into a rather round-ish edge. This was done by knapping away small parts slowly cutting deeper and deeper into the rock creating a rounder edge. As most of those tools have been found in close proximity to dugout canoes it is believed that this method of knapping and the created axes solely served the purpose of carving out the tree trunks.
Closeby and near modern day Orhar another culture emerged, being dated between 9800 BCE and 6490 BCE. The Dotted-Dagger-Culture (also refered to as: DD-Culture) as it is nowadays called, is the first archaeological culture on modern day orharanian terretoriy that used wood-shafted knives as daggers. The name comes from the way the shafting of the daggers looks like. The daggers handle have multiple little holes poked into it creating the look of many dots along the daggers handle. This practice might have been established as a way to make the daggers easier to handle.
Another relevant culture is the so called Crowned-Arrow-Culture (also refered to as: CA-Culture) which has been mostly located in the Naatalian Mountain Region. This culture, which is the youngest known mesolithic culture, starting in 6.800 BCE, in Orhran, gains its name from the way the arrows look like. Apparently the CA-Culture used arrows that used multiple Microliths on its tip. Because of their placement around the arrow they look like a crown from the front, thus giving the culture the name. It is believed that the use of those arrows instead of conventional arrows lies in the higher possibility to cut important veins and muscle fibers, leading to a lower chance of prey being able to flee.
Neolithic (6000-4300 BCE)
Today it is believed that the modern day Orharan Plain hasn't been settled by humans until approximatly 6000 BCE as the oldest archaeological findings, that indicated permanent settlement of humans, couldn't be dated earlier. The first settlers of modern day Orharan have settled close to the nations main rivers, as multiple bone fragments as well as stone tools and leather gowns, indicating burial sites, have shown. To this day little is known about their housing yet one finding at the Yahamu-Site, 138km south-east of Orhar, it is indicated that they probably lived in pit-houses that were created by digging a 2-3m hole in the ground and building brick walls, created from the clay, sourced from the rivers, and roofs made with a clay-straw mix as a material. The Yahamu-Site counts ten of those houses, with some of them having stoves added to the outside. Considering the meassurements of the houses it is believed that one house inhabited 10-15 people hence allowing for an estimate of 100-150 people that lived at the site, making it probably one of the largest settlements of its time. Yet the findings of nearby burial sites suggest that the population split up at some point in the settlements history abandoning parts of it. Next to the houses the Yahamu-Site gave archaeologists another important finding. Clay pots found within the houses were made out of a clay rich in Kaolinite. Whilst Kaolinite is a common occurance within clay, the composition of this particulary clay can nearly only be located within the Orharanian Plain. This in addition to the unique style of decorating the pottery products made it possible to trace back the origin of hundreds of pots within the vicinity of Orhar to the Yahamu-Site. Given this modern day archaeologists talk about the Yahamu-Culture as one of the first Cultures that settled down in the area. Given the contents of some of the pots that have been found and were still well preserved, it is said that the Yahamu-Culture lived of agricultural products farmed on the land near the river. Those products were predominantly millet and lentils, but also oats and grains were found. Considering the stone tools and animal bone fragments that were found it can be also said that near some sites, settlers have begun raising livestock, consisting of sheep, goats and in some cases cows, to gain meat via slaughter.
Next to the Yahamu-Culture, which was dominating the coastal and river areas within the Orharan Plain Region, there were also humans living in the vast deserts of the nation. These settlements were way smaller than the Yahamu-Culture ones. As suggested by findings of animal bone fragments, stone tools used to cut through meat and bones as well as animal hide fragments, those people mostly lived from livestock. Their settlements are thought to mostly be small houses, built in similar fashion to the Yahamu-Culture, with the difference that those pit-houses were dug even deeper and used sandstone from the area as walling and roofing. In many sites cave-houses, which were dug into the mountains, were found. Because of the lack of findings of tools used for agriculture as well as milling stones it is thought that within the desert region, the humans only lived of their animals. As those animals needed to have grazing areas as well as possibilities to drink it is believed that the area profited of rain seasons, which were allowing the formation of smaller lakes and the creation of grazable lands. During dry periods it is believed that the settlers abandoned their settlements and moved towards the river as a few amount of sites has shown similar attributes, like the lack of agricultural tools, in some sites within the river area of the Motoset Mountain Region. As the described sites are predominantly located within the aforementioned region the developed culture is named as the Motoset-Culture. As for why the Motoset-Culture hasn't developed agriculture is one of the main questions archaeologists and historians ask themselves. One theory states that the culture might've not found out how to make use of seeds and was probably rather isolated as they could't find out from other cultures, like the agriculture focussed Yahamu-Culture. Another theory is that the Motoset-Culture hasn't developed a need for agriculture as it was able to survive just from their livestock. However both theories are strongly debated within the scientific community and according to some archaeologists highly unlikely.
Bronze Age
The establishment of the first City States
Wazinian Conquest
Wazinian Empire
Antiquity
Period of Eternal Peace
Medieval Era
Renaissance
Colonial Era
Great War
Geography
As Orharan lies on the coast to the Mediterranean Sea it's landscape gets flater the closer it is to the ocean, with most of the area being 300m above sealevel at max. Yet close to the Mountain range in the east of the country the lands turn steeper and steeper, reaching heights between 1.500m and up to 2.800m, with the heighest Mountain the Taj ve Takht Saltanti reaching a height of 2.759m above sealevel. Because of the mountains in the east and the sea access to the north-west, the country can be and often is seperated into three geographical bodies. The Orharan Plain, the Motoset Mountains and the Naatalian Mountain Region.
Orharan Plain
The Orharan Plain, reaches from the orhian coast to the middle of the nation. Its mostly flat with the average height being 78m above sealevel and therefore offers perfect area for agriculture. Most of the nations agricultural facilities as well as cities are located in this area, specifically nearby the three rivers inside it. Because, eventhough most of the area in the Orharan Plain consists of hot sandy deserts with little to no life and is henceworth not suitable for agriculture, the area surrounding the three main rivers of the nation create a flourishing enviroment that sparks of both plant- and wildlife. Unlike the other two Regions the Orharan Plain offers little to no natural ressources, which is why the economy in this region focusses on agriculture and manufacturing industries. The latter specifically profiting of the rivers being navigable by ships and leading into the ocean, making easy import of ressources and export of products possible.
Motoset Mountains
The Motoset Mountains are a a middeling mountain range with heights between 300 and 900 meters. Similar to the Orharan Plain the area is mostly covered by sandy desert with a little green strip surrounding the three rivers. However because of the heights in this region this green area spans way less land then in the Orharan Plain, making it less actractive for agriculture. Hence there aren't many big cities in this region. Most of the lands are being used by nomadic tribes traveling from oasis to oasis and herding their animals. The Motoset Mountains have been the least populated region for the most part of the orharanian history. This changed with the discovery of oil fields in the vast deserts. Nowadays there have been many small towns founded, providing nearby oil wells with workers and the workers with amenities.
Naatalian Mountain Region
The Naatalian Mountain Region is the most eastern geographic region within Orharan, being named after the Naatalian Mountains. It is the heighest region of Orharan with the land reaching heights from 1.500m up to 2.759m with the Taj ve Takht Saltanti as the nations highes mountain. All three of the nations main rivers have their source within the mountains of this region. The climate in the region is similarly hot and scarce of plant- and wildlife as other areas far away from the rivers. However the mountains contain rich veins of natural ressources, such as coal, iron, copper and nickle. Most towns and cities in this region were therefore originally founded as mining outposts. The biggest city in the region is Horh, which is located nearby by the Taj ve Takht Saltanti. It contains 3,4 million people, with almost 40% of them being employed in the mining industry. The city profited of the direct connection to Orhar via river and was one of the most important suppliers of natural ressources for the industry within the capital.
Biodiversity
Flora
Fauna
Politics
Constituent States
Government
See also: Political System of Orharan; Government of Orharan
The Federal Republic of Orharan is a parliamentary republic, thus holding general elections every four years, where every Orharanian above the age of 18 years can vote representatives and their respective parties. The parliament consists of 500 seats and holds the power to elect the prime minister, pass laws and vote out the prime minister and his government. In order for a Person to become the prime minister of Orharan, they have to own the Orharanian Citizenship as well as being above the age of 18 years. Ususally the party that can obtain 251 of the 500 seats, mostly by forming coalitions with other parties, can elect a candidate as the next prime minister, who, if successful is being appointed by the President. After being appointed he can form his government by choosing his ministers, each of them later being appointed by the President.
The President of Orharan is, unlike the prime minister, not part of the government itself, he or she is a seperate entity, representing the nation on the international stage and mostly holds symbolic meaning. He can appoint the prime minister candidates, offered to him by the leading coalition, and dissolve the parliament, if it has voted to do so. He can also technically refuse to appoint a candidate as the prime minister, but this has never been the case in the nations history. The current President is since 2021 Javad Farzin.
Next to the National Parliament the legislative bodies of the country also consist of the Federal Council, which itself consist of 100 seats. Unlike for the National Parliament the people cant directly elect the representatives into the council, as it consists of representatives of the different state governments. The allocation of the seats is being done proportionally to the states population, with the most populatetd state getting the most and the least populated state recieving the least amount of seats. It has a direct say in the passing of laws withouth being able to pass laws itself. As each law proposed by the National Parliament has to be accepted by the council. The council can also propose laws to the national government or the parliament, which in the end will either be passed or denied by it.
The current governing party as of the Election for the orharanian National Parliament 2022 is the social-democratic party Renew Orharan (RO), lead by their leader Salma Iqabal. The RO is governing in a coalition with the Green Party of Orharan (GPO) and the liberal Party for a liberal Orharan (PlO), owning a total of 265 out of the required 251 seats of the parliament. The next Election will be held on the 6th September 2026
Judiciary System
See also: Orharanian Judiciary System
The Orharanian Judiciary System makes use of multiple seperate branches within the court system which count the following:
- Law of General Justice
- Labour Law
- Social Law
- Administrative Law
Each of those branches contains their own courts, which are only focussed on cases within their respective branches. The reason behind this decision lies within the efficiency of the judiciary system, as a seperation into branches lets courts gives them the means to standartize the jurisprudence to a healthy degree. It also prevents human errors as lawyers and judges have specify their studies before getting a job in one of the branches.
Next to the horizontal seperation by subject the court system is also seperated vertically, having courts of differing importance layering similar to the orharanian states, with the lowest level being on city or non-city municipalities and the national courts on the second-highest level.
However the horizontal seperation finds their end on the highest level, with the Grand Constitutionary Court of Orharan (GCC) located in Orhar itself. It serves the Orharanian Consitution and serves as the finaly messure in pursuing justice. Whenever a case gets too complicated to be solved properly or the legal ruling of a court gets rightfully contested, it might end up at the GCC. The GCC's main task within the nation is the protection of human rights and thus serves as the regulatory organ of the state, overseeing the lawfullness of both legislative and executive institutions.
Foreign Relations
Military
See also: Orharanian National Army
The Orharanian National Army (ONA) is the national army of Orharan. It is considered to be a parliamentary army, thus giving the parliament the power to decide about the use of the military bodies. It consists of the Army, Navy and Airforce as seperate branches. Currently the national budget grants the ONA 1.8% of the national GDP, which is currently aprox. 29 billion Orh. Since its abolition in 2008 the nation doesn't have a mandatory service for its population, which resulted in the lowering of the manpower from 113.875 active soldiers in 2006 to only 86.740 active soldiers in 2024. The ONA is ususally commanded by the minister of Defence but this command can be given to the prime minister following a state of emergency. According to the countries constitution the ONA can only be used as a defensive force.