Fatiniyya (Pacifica)
Sultanate of Fatiniyya Darussalam سلطنة فطينية دار السلام | |
|---|---|
 Flag | |
Motto: لا حكم إلا لله Judgement belongs to God alone | |
Anthem: As-Salam as-Sultani "Salute to The Sultan" | |
| Capital and | Darussalam |
| Official languages | Arabic |
| Recognised regional languages | Rekina |
| Ethnic groups (2022) | Arab 94% Rekina 1.5% Others 4.5% |
| Religion (2022) | Islam 94% Others 6% |
| Demonym(s) | Fatiniyyan |
| Government | Semi-constitutional monarchy |
• Sultan | Hussein IV |
• Grand Vizier | Hamdan al-Waqim |
| Legislature | Grand Majlis of His Majesty the Sultan |
| Establishment | |
• Wars of unification | 1328-1432 |
• Establishment of the sultanate | 1432 |
• Reformation of the sultanate | 1900 |
| Area | |
• | 181,083 km2 (69,917 sq mi) |
| Population | |
• 2024 estimate | 43,822,086 |
• Density | 242/km2 (626.8/sq mi) |
| GDP (nominal) | estimate |
• Total | $855,074,947,308 |
• Per capita | $19,512.42 |
| Currency | Fatiniyyan Dinar |
The Sultanate of Fatiniyya Darussalam, or simply Fatiniyya, is an independent sultanate located in Northwestern Bareland. It borders the South Pacific Ocean to the West, Reizen, DPRR, and the Mediterranean Sea in the north, Khadar in the south, and Luznycka in the east. The country spans an area of 181,083 km^2 with a population of roughly 43.8 million and a population density of 242/km^2. The country is predominantly Muslim with 94% of the population adhering to Sunni Islam, and the official language is Arabic. Fatiniyyan identity is heavily intertwined with Arabic culture and Islam. Its capital and largest city is Darussalam.
The region constituting modern-day Fatiniyya had been inhabited since ancient times. The region was home to the Sarateans, a trading state centered in the ancient city of Sara. The first Fatiniyyan state was founded following the unification of Fatiniyya in 1432, which was predated by the successor states of the powerful Iskandariyya Empire, namely the Emirate of Darussalam. After the second war between the Emirate of Darussalam with the Sultanate of Ridalla saw the old territories of the Iskandariyya Empire reunited under the banner of Darussalam. After this, the Sultanate of Fatiniyya was declared.
In the 15th to 18th century, the Sultanate of Fatiniyya exerted influence over parts of Northern Bareland, however the state began to weaken in the 19th century. This came to ahead in 1880, when the War of Fatiniyyan Succession would explode, plunging the region to a civil war. In 1899, Sultan Usman II would become victorious, with the backing of the Grand Imam of Fatiniyya, the Fatiniyyan Majlis, as well as the population.
Etymology
The origins of the name Fatiniyya comes from the ruling House of Fatih, which had ruled the Sultanate of Darussalam since the 10th century.
History
Arab settlement (130)
Over the centuries, Arab tribes settled in the Mediterranean coastal areas, namely in the Al-Youmna region and inhabiting important port settlements such as Iskandariyya. The most prominent tribe of the settlers were the Nizam tribes who were descendants of Fahm bin Nizam. They were known later as the "Nizamis of Youmna" or simply as the "Youmnis". Other tribes began moving into the interior of Bareland, establishing other towns such as Ridalla and Buq'a.
By 412, the areas around Iskandariyya had been consolidated by the Zimranid dynasty and created the independent kingdom of Iskandariyya. By the 7th century, the Youmnis came in contact with and accepted Islam. The ruler of Iskandariyya, Ja'far bin Hatim, readily accepted Islam, and through Iskandariyya, Islam would spread amongst the Arab tribes in Al-Youmna, eventually also reaching beyond Al-Fatih mountain range, into Buq'a and Diriyah. However, unlike in Al-Youmna, the city states of Buq'a and Diriyah remained loyal to their pagan faiths, and executed Ja'far's messengers to the two cities.
Fatihin campaign (734-738)
The public execution of the messengers of king Ja'far would spark the Fatihin campaign against the city states of Buq'a, Diriyah, Wahada, and Rusays. This military campaign would be led by the famed military commander, Fatih bin Hisyam. The Fatihin campaign ended in 738, with the four cities subjugated. As a reward for his success, king Ja'far promoted Fatih as governor of Al-Gharb, which would encompass the newly subjugated territories.
Decline of Iskandariyya (882)
By the 9th century, the Kingdom of Iskandariyya slowly began to lose control over many of its outermost territories. Rebellions sprang up, especially in Al-Gharb. In 882, with the death of Ja'far II, the empire fractured even further and rendered the governorates effectively independent.
The breakaway states and territories included:
• Sultanate of Ridalla. Capital: Ridalla
• Al-Ya'ruba (governors of the Buq'a Governorate). Capital: Buq'a
• Brotherhood of the Order of Nusairiyya. Capital: Nusairiyya
• Al-Burhan (governors of Wahada Governorate). Capital: Wahada (882-888; 914), Rusays (888-914)
• Al-Husseini Governorate. Capital: Al-Husseini
• Al-Majid (governors of Al-Tusiya Governorate. Later renamed to the Emirate of Tusiya). Capital: Al-Tusiya
• Aghladid (governors of Diriyah Governorate). Capital: Diriyah
• Husaymid (governors of Wahdan Governorate). Capital: Wahdan
• Tarhanid (governors of Salloum Governorate). Capital: Salloum
• Several interior tribes
With this, the only territories remaining in the Iskandariyya Empire is Iskandariyya proper and what's left of the Al-Gharb territories, which included the governorates of Darussalam and Al-Qadar.
Establishment of the Emirate of Darussalam (984)
In 972, the Governorate of Al-Qadar agreed to be incorporated into the larger Governorate of Darussalam. With Iskandariyya's influence declining further, Governor Shakir bin Husam, a descendant of General Fatih bin Hisyam, eventually decided to declare the Emirate of Darussalam in 984. Despite the objection by Iskandariyya's ruler, the regent Jamal bin Kazmi, the regent had no power to stop Darussalam from breaking away.
Wars of unification and proclamation of the sultanate (1328-1432)
By 1328, the Emirate of Darussalam had established itself as the most powerful successor state of the old Iskandariyya Empire, and with Iskandariyya's collapse, Darussalam sought to reintegrate the empire once more. Led by the Emir of Darussalam at the time, Hakim bin Zaid al-Fatih.
The Emirate of Diriyah, weakened by their constant wars with their rival, the Emirate of Wahdan, became allied to the Emirate of Darussalam in 1329. Together, they defeated Wahdan alongside their allies Wahada and Rusays in 1334. After this victory, the Aghladid emir of Diriyah, Qamar al-Aghladid, died without an heir, leaving his realm under the control of Hakim bin Zaid. This merger would create the Emirate of Darussalam and Diriyah in 1335.
In 1342, Hakim bin Zaid was assassinated during a visit to Rusays. His son, Abdullah bin Hakim al-Fatih, became the new emir and sought justice over the murder of his father. The emir of Salloum, Abdul Hadi al-Tarhanid, would send then evidence to Abdullah bin Hakim that pinned the assassination on the Emirate of Buq'a. At the same time, Abdul Hadi made contact with the emir of Buq'a Fahim bin Ghanim al-Yaruba, warning him of a coming attack by Darussalam. This led to a major war between Buq'a and Darussalam. The war was nearly lost in the battle of Najaqin, until Haroun al-Mansur, the Grandmaster of the Brotherhood of the Order of Nusairiyya and friend to Abdullah bin Hakim, led hundreds of horsemen into Najaqin and smashed into the lines of Buq'a. Buq'a was annexed by Darussalam, and Nusairiyya gained protection and spoils of war. Salloum was also annexed because of their alliance with Buq'a during the Najaqin battle.
Sultan of Ridalla Maisun II became worried of the expanding power of the Emirate of Darussalam and Diriyah. Maisun II decided to strike, attacking Nusairiyya over suspected infidelity and killed their leaders. Haroun al-Mansur was able to escape and called Darussalam to aid against the Ridalla Sultanate. Darussalam would later also be approached by Sultan of Iskandariyya, Humaid I. The three nations formed an alliance against Ridalla. However, Iskandariyya was conquered in 1389 and Darussalam was forced to make peace.