Government of Orharan (Pacifica)

Federal Government of Orharan
Dolat Fadral Orharan
Overview
Established	19.12.2022
Country	Federal Republic of Orharan
Leader	Prime Minister: Salma Iqabal
Appointed by	President: Javad Farzin
Responsible to	National Parliament

The federal government of Orharan is the chief executive body of the Federal Republic of Orharan, it consists of the Prime Minister as well as the different ministers and exercises executive power at a national scale.

It's leader, the Prime Minister of Orharan, is elected by a majority of the National Parliament and can select the personell for each of the minister positions. The Prime Minister together with their Ministers is officially appointed by the President of Orharan, the process of which is seen as a simple formality with nothing but symbolic meaning.

Election and Appointment

After the new National Parliament has been established after an election the parties represented in the Parliament have the chance to create coalitions in order to gain a majority of the Parliament. Once a coalition is established it can ask the President to propose their candidate for the position as the Prime Minister. The President will then propose the candidate to the Parliament, which has to vote about whether it wants to accept the candidate as the new Prime Minister of the nation. For this a simple majority is needed, which is why to this day it never has happened that a candidate didn't get the needed majority. After the candidate has successfully been elected and then appointed by the President as the new Prime Minister they can propose their candidates for each of the ministries to the President. Unlike the Prime Minister themselves those Minister positions don't need to be elected and are only appointed by the President. Usually the candidates for the Minister positions are already decided in the coalition talks, which is why the different Ministers are usually being appointed right after the Prime Minister.

Whilst it is tradition for each party to have their candidate for the position as Prime Minister to run as the first party candidate for a seat in the Parliament, hence making every Prime Minister so far an active Member of the Parliament, it is not a necessity for a Prime Minister or any other Minister to be a member of the National Parliament. In the case of a Minister not being a member of the National Parliament they only get extended visitory rights, which conists of being allowed to sit in the Parliament during seating hours, getting an office in the Parliament Building, as well as recieving the right to hold speeches on specific matters.

End of Term

There are two different procedures in the change of Government during the end of a term, depending on whether the term ended regulary or prematurely.

Regular End of Term

Each term officially ends at the last friday of the month, where the election results have been officially announced. With the new composition of the National Parliament the governing cabinet also loses it's legitimacy and therefore it's power. The President can however ask the Prime Minister to remain in office as the acting Prime Minister until a new Prime Minister is elected. As it is usually already known who the next Prime Minister will be, the acting Prime Minister usually beginns to cooperate with the promising successor candidate in order to manage a seamless change of power. Once the Prime Minister and their Ministers are officially ending their term they are beign dismissed by the President and given dismissal certificates. During the time period where a Government is an acting Government without the democratic legitimization it cannot appoint new ministers, call for a vote of no confidence, which could lead into the dissolvment of the Parliament, and use executive orders.

Premature end of term

A term may prematurely end because of death or resignation of the Prime Minister. Is this the case the Prime Minister can suggest a successor, who may take over the role for the rest of the term. Has the Prime Minister not suggested a successor, for example in case of his death, the President can ask the Vice Minister to take over the role as Prime Minister for the end of the term. However in both cases the parliament has to approve the candidate with a simple minority. Is this not the case the term for the entire cabinet is deemed as ended and new elections are started withing the next three months. In this case the President may ask the Vice Minister to take over the Government as an acting Prime Minister until the next Government is established.

Another way for a premature end of a term is a successful constructive vote of no confidence by the parliament. This constructive vote of no confidence can be called by the parliament any time, given that they also immediatly elect a new Prime Minister. In this case the new Prime Minister takes over the cabinet and the government continues as usual.

Next to the constructive vote of no confidence is the call for a vote of no confidence, which can only be started by the Prime Minister themselves. In this case the Parliament can vote whether they still trust the Prime Minister. Is this not the case can the Prime Minister ask the President for their dismissal, which results in snap-elections within the next two months and the dismissal of the Government. In order for the Government to not leave a vaccuum of power the President can ask the Prime Minister to keep their position as an acting Prime Minister during the period til the establishment of the successor Government.

Functioning

The Prime Minister has the right to decide the general political direction and strategies of the current government. Whilst every Minister is free to act independently within their department, they have to allign to the Prime Ministers declared political direction. The Prime Minister can at any time ask the President to appoint and dismiss current Ministers and is therefore free to shape their cabinet as freely as they want. The Prime Minister can also create "offices for special affairs", which are basically small deparments. These offices for special affairs are usually directed at specific issues and subjected to one of the main departments. For example the current "Office for Integration of Nomad Tribes" is subjected to the Ministry of Internal Affairs.

Whilst the Prime Minister can freely create new Ministries under the condition that their budgetary plans are being approved by the Parliament, they are forbidden to dissolve certain Ministries as they have certain rights reserved that are needed for the state and can't be given to the Prime Minister as poses a break of the seperation of powers. These Ministries are the Ministry of Economic Development, Ministry of Internal Affairs, Ministry of Defence and the Minstry of Justice.

The Prime Minister has to appoint one of their Ministers as the Vice Minister, who may take over parts of the Prime Ministers Tasks in case of their absence. Traditionally the Vice Minister is the leader of the second-biggest coalition Partner.

The role of the Prime Minister within their own cabinet is mostly an administrative one. They plan out the aforementioned political directive and coordinate the ministries in order to work as efficient as possible.

Current Cabinet

With the parliamentary Election of 2022 the current Cabinet surrounding Prime Minister Salma Iqabal consists of the following Ministers:

Order	Office	Minister	Party	Took office
1	Prime Minister	Salma Iqabal	RO	19.12.2022
2	Vice Minister Foreign Minister	Khada Maalouf	GPO	19.12.2022
3	Finance Minister	Aref Lorestani	PLO	19.12.2022
4	Minister of Internal Affairs	Nassim Golzar	RO	19.12.2022
5	Minister of Defense	Kazem Adib	RO	23.07.2023
6	Minister of Construction, Cityplaning and Infrastructure	Bairam Nazeri	RO	19.12.2022
7	Minister of Healthcare	Edris Al Muhairi	GPO	19.12.2022
8	Minister for Economic Development	Shirin Shariati	PLO	19.12.2022
9	Minister for Social Welfare and Labour	Shiva Mashayekhi	RO	19.12.2022
10	Minister of Education, Technology and Research	Parsa Beheshti	PLO	03.05.2024
11	Minister of Agriculture	Jaffar Ali Diba	GPO	19.12.2022
12	Minister for the Enviroment	Amir Razavian	GPO	19.12.2022
13	Minister of Justice	Hamed Raza	RO	23.07.2023