Economy of Pelinai (Pacifica)
| Currency | Hana (HNA, ◎) |
|---|---|
| January 1 — December 31 | |
Country group | |
| Statistics | |
| Population |  142,295,834 (2022) |
| GDP |
|
| GDP rank | 4th (nominal; 2022) |
GDP growth |
|
GDP per capita |
|
GDP per capita rank | 20th (nominal; 2022) |
GDP by sector |
|
GDP by component |
|
| 1.08% (2022) | |
Population below poverty line | 16.8% at or near poverty line (2022) |
 33.8 | |
| 0.912 | |
Main industries | |
| Public finances | |
| $1.932 trillion (2020) | |
All values, unless otherwise stated, are in International Dollars (INT$). | |
The Economy of Pelinai consists of a high-income mixed social market economy with a high degree of focus on mining and manufacturing under the direction of government industrial policies. It is the largest economy directly bordering the Mediterranean Sea in absolute terms, with a nominal GDP of $5.61 trillion in 2022, though its median household income and GDP per capita continue to lag behind the global averages.
Pelinai possesses one of the world’s largest single-state populations, the consumer market of which supports the majority of the Pelinese economy; other significant contributors include government expenditure (primarily military) and exports of goods and services.
The Pelinese economy is heavily weighted towards the manufacturing sector relative to other nations at its income level, particularly heavy industrial sectors such as electronics, machine tooling & other industrial machinery, steelmaking, vehicles, aerospace, chemicals, and armaments. It is also a significant producer of several types of consumer goods, such as perfume and jewelry, which constitute a large fraction of Pelinai’s total export value.
History
Development
Industrial policies since 1984
Keiretsu
Most sectors of the Pelinese economy that involve large companies are organized into groups of large, cross-shareholding business constructs referred to as keiretsu. These constructs may take either horizontal or vertical organizational structures around a main bank, and serve to increase economic stability, facilitate long-term-focused planning and business strategy, suppress corporate raiding, increase production efficiency and reduce costs through vertical integration, and share risks between business firms. Most Pelinese keiretsu are concentrated in heavy industry and other capital-intensive sectors, including the great majority of keiretsu with significant state involvement, but also exist in other sectors such as retail and finance.
The vertical keiretsu model first arose in Pelinai during the 1980s as a continuation of the state-operated manufacturing supply chains established during the planned economy era of the late 1970s, and were initially used as a method through which these constructs could be transferred to operation in a market economy environment. Both it and the horizontal model were later adopted by various firms in the private sector as a stability-promoting business group structure and a vehicle for promoting industrialization. Most major keiretsu established in Pelinai during this time period remain operational today, though some have since merged with each other into ‘super-keiretsu’ business groups or centralized into unitary companies.
Keiretsu in Pelinai vary greatly in size and importance. Many smaller keiretsu consist of only a handful of central companies and their associated business partners, while a major industrial combine like Beresako may contain up to two dozen major firms and many more smaller supporting companies. Major keiretsu contain many of the most significant Pelinese companies in heavy industrial sectors and collectively comprise a notable fraction of its total GDP.
Sectors
The Pelinese economy is domestic consumption-oriented and weighted towards manufacturing and services, with relatively little economic output from agriculture as a percentage of GDP. A high degree of economic diversification is also present; the most internationally significant economic sectors of Pelinai are aerospace, electronics, machine building, mining, and petrochemicals, followed by automobiles, software, shipbuilding, and luxury goods.
Agriculture
Agriculture remains a well-supported sector of the Pelinese economy despite low relative contribution in comparison to competing economic activities, and continues to be viewed by Pelinese state industrial policies as a critical underpinning of the wider economic structure. High utilizable crop yields per unit area allow the agricultural sector to remain largely competitive against imported products despite its possession of a comparatively small arable land area of 8.1 million hectares; Pelinai is a major global producer of staple crops like corn, green beans and butter beans, peanuts, potatoes, rice, and squash, as well as other crops like cherries, chili and bell peppers, cinnamon, citrus fruits, peaches, raspberries, roses, strawberries, tea, and watermelons. Highland terrain like the Yukisora Mountains facilitates the commercial farming of cold-weather crops like potatoes, while tropical produce like bananas and cinnamon may be grown in the tropical rainforests of Sevaria; most other plants are grown in the temperate, humid subtropical climate that covers most of Pelinai, especially in the Marahu River Valley region.
The ubiquitous presence of highly fertile volcanic ash soil, along with the rivers of the Marahu River Valley, have remained the foundation of agricultural productivity within the region of Pelinai since antiquity. Several factors, such as continuing mechanization of agriculture, improved rural infrastructure increasing the accessibility between farms and markets for food, and newly implemented government subsidies on the purchase of high-yield, pest-resistant genetically modified crops, have contributed to a significant rise in agricultural yield per unit area of arable land from the late 1980s to the present era.
Pelinese agricultural composition produces a number of culturally specific goods that are largely peculiar to Pelinai; these include alligator meat and leather, frog legs, roses, and scuppernongs. Roses in particular are one of Pelinai’s most important agricultural products in terms of both cultural importance and value of exported goods, and Pelinai produces a significant portion of the world’s roses, rose water, and rose oil.
Crops
Crops grown in Pelinai are primarily those that are suited to humid subtropical or tropical climates: the most significant staple crops include corn, rice, and legumes such as green beans and butter beans. Other sectors of high economic presence include tea, spices, peppers, citrus fruits, stone fruits, and melons, while cotton is also grown in alternation with peanuts and other legumes. Cold-weather foods such as potatoes are also produced in regions such as the Yukisora Mountains.
Fishing and aquaculture
Pelinai possesses a large and highly developed industry dedicated to the production of seafood. The wild-caught harvesting of fish, crustaceans, molluscs, jellyfish, and seaweed is practiced commercially across both marine and freshwater environments as appropriate, and is additionally supplemented by extensive aquaculture production of farming-friendly seafood like carp, catfish, crawfish, mussels, shrimp, and tilapia. Since the 1980s, it has also controversially grown into a globally significant producer of whale meat and other whale products.
The wild-caught fishing and harvesting industry of Pelinai is large in size, operating a fishing fleet of roughly 1,800 vessels of 100 tonnes displacement or more. It is much more omnivorous than typical, with a high rate of utilization for bycatch and an extremely wide variety of seafood types commercially harvested. Major types of seafood caught in the wild by Pelinese fisheries include bonito, conger eels, crabs, herring, mackerel, perch, porgies, sardines, shrimp, and squid, as well as other seafood like jellyfish, seaweed, and whales. In addition to operating within Pelinai’s exclusive economic zone, the Pelinese fishing fleet also maintains long-range boats and factory ships to facilitate the harvesting of distant, cold-water dwellers like whales and cod.
Aquaculture practices in Pelinai are widespread: methods employed include both traditional methods such as raising fish in rice paddies and newer technology-based techniques for the farming of shrimp and other seafood products. Pelinai is an industry leader in the aquaculture of marine mussels, with a total production of approximately 400,000 tonnes in 2022; other major types of farmed seafood include carp, catfish, clams, crawfish, shrimp, and tilapia, which accounted for roughly 87% of Pelinese aquaculture industry sales by monetary value in 2022.
Floriculture
Floriculture is an exceptionally widespread practice in Pelinai due to the high demand for ingredients to use in perfumes, tea, and food: Pelinai is one of the world’s largest commercial producers of roses, orange blossoms, hibiscus flowers, Sakura blossoms, and other types of flower for usage in the production of goods, and is a center for the development of new flower cultivars. Traditional centers of cultivation and processing include Yukisora and Samara, while northern Sevaria has emerged as another focus since 2008.
Roses are especially widely cultivated in Pelinai; it is home to a particularly large variety of specialized cultivars with varying uses, as well as a strong base of experienced growers and equipment. The largest and most well-known single-region source of roses in Pelinai is the Hanairo Valley in Samara, which grew roughly 47% of Pelinai’s total rose output in 2021 and is recognized both at home and internationally as a center for the production of high-quality roses, rose water, and rose oil.
Livestock
Animal husbandry is a relatively underdeveloped industry in Pelinai when compared to other agricultural land applications like crop farming and aquaculture; chickens have remained the most significant commercially raised animal, with a current flock of over 2 billion as of 2022, but have been supplemented with growing domestic herds of hogs and cattle. The meat, dairy, and animal feed industries are projected to experience significant growth in Pelinai as rising household incomes drive increases in per capita consumption of meat and animal products, particularly chicken and eggs.
Poultry birds are the most significant farm animals in Pelinai as of 2022 in terms of value produced; broiler and egg production accounted for roughly $80.2 billion dollars of utilized product value in 2022, in addition to further sales of ducks, turkeys, and other birds. Strong domestic demand driven by increases in household incomes and ability to afford chicken in particular has driven the rapid expansion of poultry farming in Pelinai, which has grown by over 45% since 1990.
Cattle raising has historically remained a comparatively small component of the Pelinese agricultural sector, but has grown in importance since the late nineteenth century with the introduction of silage and other production innovations. Due to price competition against beef by established alternatives like pork and chicken, the majority of cattle herds in Pelinai are used for dairy farming.
Frog farms are widespread in the western regions of Pelinai, which is one of the world’s principal producers and consumers of frog legs. Production is largely concentrated around the marshlands of the Marahu Delta region, which possess a warm climate and aquatic environment conducive to the raising of bullfrogs.
Silviculture
Industry & manufacturing
Heavy industrial activities and manufacturing have emerged as a primary cornerstone of the Pelinese economy within the past 40 years, primarily due to the ongoing efforts of industrial policymakers to encourage the development of electronics and other high-value manufacturing sectors. The majority of heavy industrial ventures since 1990 have been partially or fully state-backed due to high capital intensiveness; large state investments throughout the 1990s to 2010s contributed greatly to the development of significant Pelinese aerospace, electronics, machine building, shipbuilding, and steelmaking industries, as did improved freight infrastructure, cheap nuclear-supplied electricity, a string government demand for industrial goods, and easy access to raw materials. Growth of industrial and consumer spending capacity have led to the rise of Pelinai as a significant producer and consumer of chemical products, consumer goods, electronics, metals, and other industrial outputs.
Industrial parks are widespread in Pelinai and are often located near sources of skilled workers, raw materials, or both; the largest multi-sector clusters of manufacturing operations include Tsugunare, Shizukaiyō, Korolyeviya, and Botanhata, while smaller cities and towns like Yarimaka often rely on one particular sector such as aerospace or armaments.
The status of the Pelinese Armed Forces as one of Pelinai’s largest single-entity consumers of heavy industrial products has partially influenced the relative prioritization of industrial sectors by both private investors and state industrial planners, and has helped fund the development of strong domestic industries in the aerospace, automotive, armaments, clothing, electronics, petrochemicals, shipbuilding, and related sectors through its purchasing.
Aerospace industries
The aerospace design and manufacturing industry of Pelinai is one of the oldest and most extensive in the world, with a history extending back to the first tests of early Pelinese multiplane designs in the 1910s. The modern Pelinese aerospace complex now employs approximately 410,000 people and consists of a large assemblage of specialized, well-established manufacturers, most of which are partially or wholly state-owned; major areas of focus include military aircraft, missiles, and satellites, with smaller domestic markets for civil airliners and small civilian aircraft.
The fixed-wing aircraft industry of Pelinai is largely divided into two categories: companies which specialize in designing or manufacturing aircraft only, and companies that manufacture their own designs (normally referred to as an “Integrated Design Bureau” or “IDB” within Pelinai). Companies with design departments are further subdivided by preferred aircraft type. The most successful design bureau in Pelinai as of 2020 is Aetherdyne IDB, which primarily produces major RPAF and RPNAS fighter aircraft such as the Ae-15 and Ae-16. Integrated manufacturer/designer Nanohi IDB designs primarily military strike and bomber aircraft such as the Na-17 Marahu heavy bomber, along with some smaller cargo aircraft. Kaiyoko-Ruzikov and Torikov IDB both focus on designing civilian airliners for customers such as Pelinese flag carrier White Sakura Airlines, but also possesses significant military transport and specialized conversion aircraft businesses. Sesako Aerial Systems specializes in the design of UAVs for filming, utility, and search and rescue purposes, as well as military strike and reconnaissance tasks. Sochaiko Aviation builds propeller-driven light aircraft and seaplanes for general aviation and pilot training purposes, as well as light combat aircraft such as the So-12 Kinzaru counterinsurgency and light attack aircraft. Rūna builds business jets and general aviation aircraft for primarily civilian usage, along with multi-engine primary trainers.
Armaments industry
Pelinai possesses one of the most extensive and diverse armaments manufacturing bases in the world, driven primarily by a combination of consumption by state customers such as the Pelinese Armed Forces and civilian customers purchasing lighter weapons and ammunition for personal use. It is one of the world’s largest manufacturers and exporters of small arms, ammunition, firearm accessories, and other associated products intended for civilian, police, and other non-military usage, while its maximum production capacity for artillery shells, armored fighting vehicles, missiles, and other heavy military armaments is estimated to be extremely high. Major Pelinese military-oriented manufacturers such as Yarimaka Artillery Foundry, Fuyumako Heavy Industries, and KMZ are often partially or wholly state-operated, while producers of civilian-marketed products are more commonly private companies.
The Pelinese ammunition manufacturing sector is a significant component of its wider armaments industry, and supplies the vast majority of demand from both state and civilian customers in Pelinai. It consists of a wide variety of state-owned and private companies that produce a broad selection of ammunition types for various firearms and artillery weapons of both domestic and foreign manufacture; examples of major Pelinese companies producing ammunition cartridges include White Standard Ammunition, Shelesta, Tigr, and Istrota, while guided missiles and artillery shells are typically designed by Yarimaka Artillery Foundry or Sephidyne IDB.
Automotive industry
Electronics industries
The Pelinese electronics sector, encompassing the design and manufacture of semiconductors and integrated circuits, printed circuit boards, assembled electronic subsystems, and finished electronic devices, comprises a large fraction of Pelinai’s heavy industrial base and manufacturing supply chain. It is primarily concentrated around the city of Kikayu, Stelossia, which was an early production center for radios and vacuum tube-based digital computers before opening the first integrated circuit factory in Pelinai in 1994.
Semiconductor production in Pelinai forms the foundation of its wider electronics industry, with 54 major production facilities for integrated circuits currently in operation as of September 2022. Access to cutting-edge manufacturing technology such as EUV lithography allows the Pelinese semiconductor manufacturing base to produce the most advanced generation of integrated circuits; it maintains a position as one of the world’s largest IC design and production centers as well, with over ◎19 billion in sales volume to domestic and export customers in 2020. The largest Pelinese semiconductor production companies by sales volume as of 2021 include integrated device manufacturers Shirame Electronics and Pelektronik, as well as fabless circuit design firm Moniya.
In addition to integrated circuits, the Pelinese electrical-electronics sector is supported by a wide variety of manufacturers producing discrete electrical components such as switches, resistors, capacitors, and thyristors. Unlike in the extremely capital-intensive integrated circuit industry, the relative ease with which these smaller components can be manufactured means that the sector is composed primarily of a wide variety of small and medium-sized producers that contract sales of components to device manufacturers; a notable exception to this is in the production of electrolytic capacitors, the majority of which are instead manufactured by chemicals firms.
Food processing industries
The manufacture and bottling of beverages has remained a significant part of the Pelinese food processing industry since 1917, when the first commercial bottling plant was opened in Hanahi, Samara. Longstanding cultural and legal prohibitions in Pelinai against the consumption of alcohol have steered its beverage industry towards being wholly specialized in the manufacture of nonalcoholic products, such as tea, dairy drinks, and fruit juices: its most important beverages by volume of production in 2021 included varieties of sweet tea, coffee, and coke, as well as de-alcoholized versions of fermented drinks like kefir and kvass. Major domestic brands include coke producer Yaru and dairy company Ittōhi.
Shipbuilding
Steelmaking
Mining and extraction
The mining and extraction industries in Pelinai are some of the largest in Pelinai by both volume of ores produced and monetary value. Large spikes occurred in the production volume of major raw industrial materials such as iron ores, bauxite, chromite, limestone, coal, crude oil, silica, and other resources throughout the 1990s and early 2000s due to growing demand from construction and the expanding Pelinese manufacturing sector, while other factors such as innovations in mining technology and the increased presence and reliability of freight rail access and other infrastructure in mining areas have also facilitated greater yearly mining output. Further mining activities have since led Pelinai to become one of the largest producers of mineral and petroleum resources in the world, with significant output of a wide array of common industrial materials, technology-critical materials, and energy resources. Its most extensive sectors of production as of 2022 include crude oil, natural gas, & coal, chromium, gold, iron, phosphate, antimony, platinum group metals, aluminum, silver, titanium, tungsten, molybdenum, uranium, rare earth elements, copper, and vanadium, while a wide selection of other resources are also mined independently or extracted alongside the aforementioned. A large selection of natural gemstones such as diamonds, corundums, quartzes, beryls, and tourmaline are also found in abundance throughout Pelinai, particularly in Samara, Loshkaria, and Yukisora.
The types of ore deposits found in Pelinai vary, but are primarily volcanic in origin: occurrences in Pelinai primarily consist of iron oxide copper gold deposits, volcanogenic massive sulfide ore deposits, layered igneous intrusions, volcanic-related hematite formations, and volcanic pipes. Other types of ore deposits such as coal formations and heavy mineral sands are also worked where they are found.
Coal, petroleum, & natural gas
Gemstones
Metals and nonmetals
Other
Persistently cheap electricity prices and a high domestic industrial demand for liquid oxygen, nitrogen, noble gases, and other similar products have facilitated the development of a large cryogenic air separation industry in Pelinai since the early 2000s. It is one of the largest global exporters of cryogenic extraction products for industrial uses, particularly noble gases such as neon and argon.
Pelinai possesses extensive reserves of granite, marble, mica, slate, basalt, gypsum, and other economically important rocks, which are harvested for use as dimension stone and a variety of specialized industrial applications. Pelinai is a significant producer of granite and mica in particular, along with clays such as kaolinite.
Services
Finance
Luxury goods
Pelinai is a longstanding producer of a variety of luxury goods for the Mediterranean, and various regions of Pelinai are well-known traditional manufacturers of cut precious stones, jewelry, perfume, incense, fine wood products, and other special goods.
Extensive traditions of perfume use in Samarahi, Sevar, and Pelinese culture, as well as easy access to common perfume ingredients like cinnamon, jasmine, orange blossom water, rose oil & rose water, and vanilla, have contributed to the development of an extensive and highly advanced perfumery industry in Pelinai; it continues to be one of the largest and most prestigious exporters of perfumes, and an extensive domestic market supports a wide variety of both large manufacturers and artisan labels.
Faceted gemstones, jewelry, cut precious stones, and other precious stone crafts are an artisan industry sector of significant size and cultural importance in Pelinai. Historically and currently significant sources of precious stones include gemstone mines in Loshkaria and Stelossia, along with trade routes connecting to other Mediterranean nations; these sources supply large quantities of diamonds, precious rocks, species of corundum, beryl, quartz, spinel, and other precious stones to dedicated gemstone cutters and other artisan workshops, which are largely concentrated in the city of Sankt Perinaigrad in western Stelossia. An art form traditional to Stelossian and Pelinese culture is the creation of crystal paintings, where relatively turbid pieces of beryl, quartz, and other gemstones are cut and assembled into scenes in a similar manner to stained glass; more expensive examples may also have faceted or otherwise processed pieces to improve clarity or general appearance. Hardstone cameos and cameo incrustations are also produced in Pelinai, typically using agate.
Software
Pelinai possesses a successful, self-contained video games industry, which comprises one of its largest entertainment sectors by revenue. Other major software products produced in Pelinai include CAD software and productivity software.
The most popular search engine in Pelinai is Nanese, which is developed and maintained by Botanhata-based software company Sezakon.
Infrastructure
Energy
Hydroelectric energy
Nuclear energy
Nuclear energy is the largest source of grid electricity in Pelinai, contributing approximately 76.2% of Pelinai’s total grid energy consumption in 2021. It has grown steadily in capacity since the first Pelinese commercial fission reactor was activated in 2006; 54 reactors are currently in operation across 14 separate sites in Pelinai as of 2022, with a further 18 reactors under active construction.
The entirety of the Pelinese nuclear reactor fleet is owned and operated by the Pelinese government through the Ministry of Energy’s Directorate of Nuclear Energy, which also handles the construction of new reactors.
Petrochemical energy
Wind energy
Future projections
Internet
Internet cable coverage
Logistics and transportation
Rail
Rail transportation is used extensively in Pelinai for both passenger service and freight transportation. It is the most significant method for the haulage of bulk cargoes within Pelinai in particular, especially for internal routes running to and from seaports, industrial complexes, and agricultural areas.
Both types of train service in Pelinai saw great increases in coverage during the mid to late 1970s due to state-sponsored line extension and procurement programs for rolling stock as part of broader industrialization initiatives; the fixed infrastructure and the vehicles themselves both later required near comprehensive repair and reconfiguration due to conflict damage and lack of maintenance by 1984, with overall railway coverage, reliability, and total throughput capacity only being restored to prewar levels in most areas by 1991. Later expansion of passenger service since the 1990s has been driven primarily by various state-funded projects for the construction and upgrading of lines running between different major cities in Pelinai, while freight lines have received multiple successive waves of investment due to increasing agricultural and industrial demand for the efficient transportation of bulk cargo.