Science and technology in Pelinai (Pacifica)
Science and technology in Pelinai have exhibited significant advancement since the beginning of the 21st century, due primarily to heavy state and private investment in areas such as higher education, research & development, and high-technology companies.
Pelinai is one of the world’s largest research spenders, with over $179.2 billion dollars or approximately 3.2% of its total GDP being utilized for research in 2022. It possesses a well-established complex of research universities, research institutes, government-operated R&D laboratories, and technologically innovative companies, as well as the infrastructure and industrial base necessary to convert new advances and technologies into applied systems. It is particularly notable for its extensive research and design capabilities in engineering fields such as aerospace, mechanical, electronic, electrical, marine, manufacturing, industrial, agricultural, chemical, civil, and systems engineering, as well as materials science.
History
Institutions
The Pelinese research and development system encompasses a great variety of component organizations, primarily including private and state-owned enterprises, universities, independent research facilities, government agencies, professional associations, and academies of sciences, which are engaged in the activities of funding, conducting, publishing, and/or applying scientific research.
The primary government bodies overseeing the conduct of research in Pelinai as a whole are the Pelinese Academy of Sciences and Engineering and the Pelinese Academy of Social Sciences, which govern research in the natural sciences and the social sciences, respectively. In addition to advising the Ministry of Education, Science, and Technology and other ministries on policy matters pertaining to research, higher education, and scientific fields, each body determines standards for the conduct and publishing of research in their respective fields.
Funding for research in Pelinai is provided by a combination of state and private entities. The National Research Grant Agency is the primary distributor of state-funded monetary grants to universities and nonprofit research foundations, along with the ministry-level programs operated by the Ministries of Defense, Energy, Health and others, while research conducted by enterprises is normally self-funded. Some field-specific grants are also provided by professional associations and nonprofit entities to promote specific topics of study.
Research and development work itself is carried out in Pelinai by many different types of organization, which vary strongly by the type of research being conducted. Universities in Pelinai such as Nishiyama State University and Dainēsa State Technical University produce research in the widest variety of topics and are, aside from some peripheral entities such as museums, the most significant Pelinese source of published papers pertaining to the social sciences; additionally, many university-affiliated entities such as the Iroiko College of Aerospace Technology work with commercial and government entities on applied research and the design of new systems. Independent research laboratories, as well as semi-independent complexes like Magnolia Park, perform primarily applied research, product development, and other similar services in collaboration with contractors such as commercial enterprises and government entities. Government entities at all levels, such as Pelkosmos, the Pelinese Ministries of Energy, Defense, Health, and Education, Science, and Technology, and the Pelinese White Army also maintain research facilities to conduct technological development in service of their objectives. Many enterprises of both private and state ownership also maintain in-house R&D departments to conduct product development and refinement.
Many academic journals exist in Pelinai to serve the purpose of publishing suitable university and government research papers; these include conventional commercially published journals, state-printed journals, university-printed journals, and journals printed by professional associations. Commercial publishers are relatively less important in Pelinai in comparison to other countries, with only 65% of papers published through them. academic conferences held by entities such as universities, professional associations, government agencies, and trade associations also publish a significant number of research papers.
State involvement
Funding and grants
Industrial espionage
Areas of research
Agriculture
Farming
Aquaculture
Basic sciences
Chemistry
Earth sciences
Physics
Mathematics
Engineering & industry
Medicine
See also
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Kingdom of Pelinai ペリナイ王国 | |
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 Flag
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| Capital | Pelograd |
| Largest city | Tsugunare |
| Government | Federal constitutional monarchy |
The Kingdom of Pelinai is a federal, parliamentary constitutional monarchy with a largely ceremonial monarch and an independent, democratically elected civilian government headed by the Pelinese State Parliament. Its administrative territory is composed of 45 prefectures and five federal cities, each of which maintain a measure of autonomy in domestic affairs and elect ministers of parliament to represent them in the Pelinese State Parliament. Major cities in Pelinai include Tsugunare on the Marahu River, Hanahi on Pelinai’s western border, Shizukaiyō on the eastern Seiko Sea, Dainēsa in the western Yukisora Mountains, Botanhata, in northern Sevaria, Mizu-Soi-No-Machi on coastal Sevaria, Yurikawa, in central Pelinai, Marasei, close to the former borderlands between Stelossia and Sevaria, Korolyeviya, in the Yukisora Mountains, Letograd, which rests on the southern peninsula of Stelossia, Zholtograd, on the western coast of the island of Zholtiya Zemla, and the capital of Pelograd on the northeastern Mediterranean coast.
The Kingdom of Pelinai was first formed by the Kingdom of Stelossia in 1781 AD, after the conquest of the Third Loshkarian Karaltsate and the Sevar Karaltsate, though the area in which it resides has remained continuously inhabited by civilization since the early Bronze Age. The first major empire to exist in what is now Pelinai was the Neo-Samarahi Empire, which conquered large areas of Milayakh and the South Bailtemmic Plain during the Bailtemmic Iron Age before giving way to the Chorekites, which were then followed by the horse nomads of the Great Polyar Karaltsate. The later faltering of central Polyar control in eastern Milayakh brought the establishment of the Loshkar Dakaraltsate of the south, the Koryar Karaltsate of the east, and the Sevar Karaltsate of the northeast; these successor states would continue to war with both each other and neighboring states such as the Kingdom of Samara and the unified Kingdom of Stelossia intermittently throughout the 15th, 16th, and 17th centuries. (Full article...)★ Featured page —
The Pelinese All-Engineering Union (Stelossian: Пелинский Всеинженерский Союз, Pelinskiy Vseinzhenerskiy Soyuz), often referred to by its Stelossian language acronym PVIS, is a partially state-funded federation of Pelinese professional associations and research organizations in the fields of engineering and closely adjacent sciences. Its declared purpose is to facilitate academic research and the dissemination of technical knowledge in Pelinai, as well as to ensure the proper and orderly practice of engineering professions.
Significant activities of the PVIS include the coordination of activities and research-sharing between member organizations, the issuance of engineering certifications in Pelinai, the evaluation and accreditation of university engineering education programs, and the distribution of Pelinese state-funded grants provided for research and other purposes. Member organizations under the PVIS receive access to Union-held umbrella conferences, large amounts of taxpayer funding for research, publishing, and training activities, and other significant financial and prestige benefits in exchange for compliance with a battery of public access requirements and CPI-bound price caps on certain products and services.
The Pelinese All-Engineering Union is a member institution of the Pelograd Accord on mutual recognition of academic accreditation for engineering and engineering technology programs; as such, degrees awarded by PVIS-accredited programs retain their full validity in other signatory countries. (Full article...)